(Ahkām at-Tilāwah)
Complete structured rules for Noon Saakinah, Meem Saakinah, Madd prolongation, Mushaddadatayn, and Laam Ta'reef.
Ahkaam al-Madd
Rules regarding the prolongation/stretching of vowels (Alif, Waw, Yaa).
Madd Asli / Tabi'ee
The natural, baseline stretching of a vowel for exactly 2 counts.
Madd Asli (Tabi'ee)
Meaning: Natural ProlongationThe baseline stretching of a vowel for 2 counts when not followed by a Hamzah or Sukoon.
Madd 'Iwad
Meaning: Madd of CompensationOccurs when you stop on a word that ends with a Tanween Fathah (an). Instead of pronouncing the "an", drop the N sound and stretch the Alif for 2 counts.
Madd Sila Sughra
Meaning: The Lesser Connecting MaddApplies to the pronoun Haa of possession (ه). If sandwiched between two voweled letters, stretch its vowel into a Waw or Yaa for 2 counts.
Madd Badl
Meaning: The Substitute MaddA Hamzah (ء) comes before the Madd letter. In standard Hafs, it is stretched for exactly 2 counts like Madd Asli.
Madd Far'ee
The secondary prolongation, which stretches beyond the natural 2 counts due to a Hamzah or Sukoon.
Madd Muttasil
Meaning: Connected / Obligatory MaddA Madd letter followed by a Hamzah in the SAME word.
Madd Munfasil
Meaning: Disconnected / Permissible MaddA Madd letter at the end of one word, followed by a Hamzah at the beginning of the next.
Madd Sila Kubra
Meaning: The Greater Connecting MaddWhen the pronoun Haa of possession (ه) is at the end of a word, and the very next word starts with a Hamzah. Treated exactly like Madd Munfasil.
Madd 'Aridh li-Skoon
Meaning: Temporary/Presented Sukoon MaddStopping on a word, causing the final letter to be silent, preceded by a Madd letter.
Madd Leen
Meaning: The Softness MaddA Waw or Yaa with a Sukoon is preceded by a letter with a Fathah. You stop on the word, placing a temporary Sukoon on the final letter.
Madd Lazim
Meaning: Compulsory MaddA Madd letter followed by a permanent, original Sukoon. Must be stretched exactly 6 counts.
Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal
Meaning: Word / Heavy Compulsory MaddA Madd letter is followed by a letter with a Shaddah in a word.
Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf
Meaning: Word / Light Compulsory MaddA Madd letter is followed by a permanent, plain Sukoon (no Shaddah) in a word.
Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal
Meaning: Letter / Heavy Compulsory MaddOccurs in the disconnected letters (Huroof Muqatta'at). The letter being recited contains a Madd letter, and its final sound merges (Idghaam) into the next letter.
Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf
Meaning: Letter / Light Compulsory MaddOccurs in the disconnected letters, but the final sound of the spelled-out letter does not merge into the next letter.